Orthodox Vs. Catholic Calendar

Universal Christians and Catholics utilize various schedules to praise occasions 

One of the most observable and quick contrasts between Orthodox Christianity and Catholicism is in the schedules they follow, with the Orthodox Church following the Julian schedule, and the Catholic Church clinging to the Gregorian schedule. Utilizing various schedules implies that the places of worship celebrate various days for their days off and eats. 

ALSO READ: What is Islamic calendar

Julian Calendar 

Julius Caesar revised the old Roman schedule and presented the Julian schedule in 46 B.C. The Julian schedule added an additional day to make a year with 365 days. Since Earth takes an additional six hours notwithstanding the 365 days to circle around the sun, Caesar included one day at regular intervals, bringing about a progressively precise jump year. Despite the fact that this brought about a schedule that arrived at the midpoint of 365.25 days out of each year, most Orthodox houses of worship kept the Julian schedule. Universal houses of worship in nations, for example, Russia, Serbia and Macedonia keep on utilizing the Julian schedule. 

Also, Check out-What Does A.H. Stand for in Islam?

Gregorian Calendar 

Pope Gregory XIIII started the change of the Julian schedule in 1582 when he saw that Easter had floated 10 days from its at first settled upon date in 325 A.D. by the First Council of Nicaea. He proposed resetting the schedule 10 days ahead with the goal that Easter could "get up to speed" to its unique date. The Gregorian schedule considered sun powered years - the measure of time it takes to see the sun in one position beginning the principal day of spring in one year and completion on the primary day of spring the next year - 10 minutes and 48 seconds shorter than the Julian schedule. Most Catholic European nations embraced the schedule, and it is the standard schedule utilized today. 

Fixed Feasts 

Occasions celebrated on explicit days every year are known as "fixed eats" and incorporate Christmas, New Year's and All Saints Day. In Roman Catholicism, Christmas is on December 25th consistently, New Year's Day is consistently on January first, and All Saints Day is consistently on November first. In Orthodox temples, fixed dining experiences in the Julian schedule happen 13 days after the fact than the Gregorian schedule's fixed banquets. For instance, Christmas is commended on January seventh.

ALSO READ: The Gregorian Calendar

Moveable Feasts 

In the Orthodox church, the computation of the dates for moveable banquets happen in the Paschal cycle - feasts are determined by days prior or after Pascha, the Orthodox Easter. For instance, while the formal year in a fixed schedule begins on September first in the Gregorian schedule, the Orthodox Julian schedule ascertains the ritualistic year beginning on Zaccheus Sunday, which is 11 weeks before Easter. The vernal equinox is utilized as a beginning stage to figure the date of Easter. The principal Sunday after the main full moon after the vernal equinox is the date for Easter, and the date shifts as per whether the Gregorian or Julian schedule is utilized.

What Does A.H. Stand for in Islam?

"A.H." is a truncation of Anno Hegirae, or after hegira 

"A.H." is a shortening utilized in numerous Western dialects for "after hegira," or its Latin structure, "Anno Hegirae." The hegira alludes to an excursion that Muslims accept the Prophet Mohammed took from Mecca to Medina in 622 A.D. Similarly as the Gregorian schedule starts with the introduction of Christ, the Islamic schedule starts with this significant occasion. The Islamic schedule, which follows a lunar cycle, starts at year 1 A.H. 

ALSO READ: What is Islamic calendar

Use 

The expression "A.H." is most normally utilized while showing a particular date in the Islamic schedule. For instance, an occasion that happened 100 years after the hegira would be rendered in the Islamic schedule as "101 A.H." - the primary year, recorded as 1 A.H., in addition to one hundred years. (See Reference 1) This is like the Gregorian's schedule utilization of the shortening "A.D." signifying "Anno Domino," or "in year of our ruler." 

Also See: Orthodox Vs. Catholic Calendar

Prior to The Hegira 

The expression B.C. - another way to say "before Christ" - is utilized in the Gregorian schedule to indicate the years that went before the introduction of Christ. Also, the Islamic schedule, the expression "B.H.", a shortened form of "before hegira," means the years going before the hegira. Be that as it may, when alluding to the period after the introduction of Christ and before the hegira, some Islamic messages likewise utilize the truncation "C.E.," which is a shortened form for "Christian time." 

"A.H." is a shortening of Anno Hegirae, or after hegira 

"A.H." is a shortening utilized in numerous Western dialects for "after hegira," or its Latin structure, "Anno Hegirae." The hegira alludes to an excursion that Muslims accept the Prophet Mohammed took from Mecca to Medina in 622 A.D. Similarly as the Gregorian schedule starts with the introduction of Christ, the Islamic schedule starts with this vital occasion. The Islamic schedule, which follows a lunar cycle, starts at year 1 A.H. 

Use 

The expression "A.H." is most ordinarily utilized while demonstrating a particular date in the Islamic schedule. For instance, an occasion that happened 100 years after the hegira would be rendered in the Islamic schedule as "101 A.H." - the main year, recorded as 1 A.H., in addition to one hundred years. (See Reference 1) This is like the Gregorian's schedule utilization of the shortening "A.D." signifying "Anno Domino," or "in year of our ruler." 

Prior to The Hegira 

The expression B.C. - another way to say "before Christ" - is utilized in the Gregorian schedule to mean the years that went before the introduction of Christ. So also, the Islamic schedule, the expression "B.H.", a shortened form of "before hegira," signifies the years going before the hegira. In any case, when alluding to the period after the introduction of Christ and before the hegira, some Islamic messages likewise utilize the shortened form "C.E.," which is a condensing for "Christian time." 

Islamic Calendar 

In contrast to the Gregorian schedule, which depends on the development of the sun, the Islamic schedule, otherwise called the Hegira schedule, depends on the developments of the moon. This implies a year in the Islamic schedule is typically around 354 days or 355 days - ten or eleven days shorter than the Gregorian schedule. This can prompt some disarray while changing over a year in the Islamic schedule to a year in the Gregorian schedule, and the other way around. 

ALSO READ: The Gregorian Calendar

Note About Conversion 

It tends to be hard to precisely change over dates from A.H. to A.D., as, under the Islamic schedule framework, another month starts not with the real beginning of another moon, yet when a human really observes a sickle moon at a particular area. Since this may happen as long as a few days after the moon really shows up, the schedule's planning can be perplexed, furthing moving the transformation for specific dates from the Gregorian schedule framework.

What is Islamic calendar

The Islamic schedule (Arabic: ٱلتَّقْوِيم ٱلْهِجْرِيّ‎ at-taqwīm al-hijrīy), otherwise called the Hijri, Lunar Hijri, Muslim or Arabic schedule, is a lunar schedule comprising of 12 lunar months in a time of 354 or 355 days. It is utilized to decide the best possible long periods of Islamic occasions and customs, for example, the yearly time of fasting and the best possible time for the Hajj. The common schedule of practically all nations where the religion is prevalently Muslim is the Gregorian schedule, with Syriac month-names utilized in the Levant and Mesopotamia (Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Palestine). Outstanding exemptions to this standard are Iran and Afghanistan, which utilize the Solar Hijri schedule. Rents, compensation and comparable standard responsibilities are commonly paid by the common calendar.[citation needed] 

Also, Check out-What Does A.H. Stand for in Islam?

The Islamic schedule utilizes the Hijri time whose age was set up as the Islamic New Year of 622 AD/CE. During that year, Muhammad and his supporters relocated from Mecca to Medina and set up the main Muslim people group (ummah), an occasion recognized as the Hijra. In the West, dates in this time are typically indicated AH (Latin: Anno Hegirae, "in the time of the Hijra") in corresponding with the Christian (AD), Common (CE) and Jewish times (AM). In Muslim nations, it is additionally in some cases signified as H from its Arabic structure (سَنَة هِجْرِيَّة, shortened ھ). In English, years preceding the Hijra are figured as BH ("Before the Hijra").

The current Islamic year is 1441 AH. In the Gregorian schedule, 1441 AH runs from roughly 31 August 2019 to 20 August 2020.

Also See: Orthodox Vs. Catholic Calendar

Pre-Islamic calendar

For focal Arabia, particularly Mecca, there is an absence of epigraphical proof however subtleties are found in the compositions of Muslim creators of the Abbasid period. Engravings of the old South Arabian schedules uncover the utilization of various nearby schedules. Probably a portion of these South Arabian schedules followed the lunisolar framework. Both al-Biruni and al-Mas'udi propose that the old Arabs utilized that month names as the Muslims, however they additionally record other month names utilized by the pre-Islamic Arabs.

The Islamic convention is consistent in expressing that Arabs of Tihamah, Hejaz, and Najd recognized two kinds of months, allowed (ḥalāl) and taboo (ḥarām) months. The illegal months were four months during which battling is prohibited, recorded as Rajab and the three months around the journey season, Dhu al-Qa'dah, Dhu al-Hijjah, and Muharram. A comparable if not indistinguishable idea to the prohibited months is additionally validated by Procopius, where he depicts a cease-fire that the Eastern Arabs of the Lakhmid al-Mundhir regarded for two months in the mid year solstice of 541 AD/CE. However, Muslim history specialists don't connect these months to a specific season. The Qur'an joins the four illegal months with Nasī', a word that actually signifies "postponement". According to Muslim custom, the choice of deferment was directed by the clan of Kinanah, by a man known as the al-Qalammas of Kinanah and his relatives (pl. qalāmisa).

Hijri to Gregorian Date Converter https://islamfly.com/en/hijri-to-gregorian-converter/

ALSO READ: The Gregorian Calendar

Various understandings of the idea of Nasī' have been proposed. Some researchers, both Muslim and Western, keep up that the pre-Islamic schedule utilized in focal Arabia was a simply lunar schedule like the cutting edge Islamic schedule. As per this view, Nasī' is identified with the pre-Islamic acts of the Meccan Arabs, where they would change the circulation of the prohibited a very long time inside a given year without inferring a schedule control. This translation is upheld by Arab history specialists and etymologists, as Ibn Hisham, Ibn Manzur, and the corpus of Qur'anic exegesis.

This is confirmed by an early Sabaic engraving, where a strict ceremonial was "delayed" (ns''w) because of war. As per the setting of this engraving, the action word ns'' has nothing to do with intercalation, however just with moving strict occasions inside the schedule itself. The similitude between the strict idea of this antiquated engraving and the Qur'an recommends that non-calendaring deferment is additionally the Qur'anic importance of Nasī'. The Encyclopedia of Islam finishes up "The Arabic arrangement of [Nasī'] can just have been proposed to move the Hajj and the fairs related with it in the region of Mecca to an appropriate period of the year. It was not expected to set up a fixed schedule to be by and large observed." The expression "fixed schedule" is commonly comprehended to allude to the non-intercalated schedule. 

Others agree that it was initially a lunar schedule, however propose that around 200 years before the Hijra it was changed into a lunisolar schedule containing an intercalary month added every now and then to keep the journey inside the period of the year when product was generally plentiful. This translation was first proposed by the medieval Muslim stargazer and space expert Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi, and later by al-Biruni, al-Mas'udi, and some western scholars. This understanding considers Nasī' to be an equivalent word to the Arabic word for "intercalation" (kabīsa). The Arabs, as indicated by one clarification referenced by Abu Ma'shar, educated of this sort of intercalation from the Jews. The Jewish Nasi was the official who chose when to intercalate the Jewish calendar. Some sources state that the Arabs followed the Jewish practice and intercalated seven months more than nineteen years, or, in all likelihood that they intercalated nine months more than 24 years; there is, in any case, no agreement among researchers on this issue. 

Delay (Nasī') of one custom in a specific situation doesn't suggest change of the grouping of months, and researchers concur this didn't occur. Al-Biruni likewise says this didn't happen, and the celebrations were kept inside their season by intercalation consistently or third year of a month between Dhu al-Hijjah and Muharram. He likewise says that, regarding the fixed schedule that was not presented until 10 AH (632 AD/CE), the principal intercalation was, for instance, of a month between Dhu al-Hijjah and Muharram, the second of a month among Muharram and Safar, the third of a month among Safar and Rabi'I, thus on. The intercalations were masterminded so that there were seven of them like clockwork. The notification of intercalation was given at the journey, the following month would be Nasī' and Muharram would follow. In the event that, then again, the names identify with the intercalated as opposed to the fixed schedule, the subsequent intercalation may be, for instance, of a month among Muharram and Safar taking into consideration the primary intercalation, and the third intercalation of a month among Safar and Rabi'I taking into account the two going before intercalations, etc. The ideal opportunity for the intercalation to move from the earliest starting point of the year as far as possible (twelve intercalations) is the time it takes the fixed schedule to rotate once through the seasons (around 32 1/2 tropical years). There are two major disadvantages of such a framework, which would clarify why it isn't known ever to have been utilized anyplace on the planet. To begin with, it can't be managed by methods for a cycle (the main cycles known in classical times were the octaeteris (3 intercalations in 8 years) and the enneadecaeteris (7 intercalations in 19 years). Besides, without a cycle it is hard to set up from the quantity of the year (an) on the off chance that it is intercalary and (b) on the off chance that it is intercalary, where precisely in the year the intercalation is found. 

Albeit a few researchers (see list above) guarantee that the blessed months were rearranged about for comfort without the utilization of intercalation, there is no narrative record of the celebrations of any of the sacred months being seen at whatever month other than those they are currently seen in. The Qu'ran (sura 9.37) just alludes to the "deferment" of a holy month. On the off chance that they were rearranged as proposed, one would expect there to be a disallowance against "expectation" also. On the off chance that the celebrations of the sacrosanct months were kept in season by moving them into later months, they would travel through the entire a year in just 33 years. Had this occurred, in any event one author would have referenced it. Sura 9.36 states "Verily, the quantity of months with Allah is a year" and sura 37 alludes to "changing the quantity of months". Such alteration must be affected by intercalation. 

There are various signs that the intercalated schedule was like the Jewish schedule, whose year started in the spring. There are pieces of information in the names of the months themselves: 

Rabi' I - first spring 

Rabi' II - second spring 

Jumada I - first month of dried land 

Jumada II - second month of dried land 

Sha'ban - Arabs "scattered" to discover water 

Ramadan - burned 

Shawwal - female camels "raised" their tails in the wake of calving 

In the intercalated schedule's last year (AD/CE 632), Dhu al-Hijjah related to March. The Battle of the Trench in Shawwal and Dhu'l Qi'dah of AH 5 matched with "cruel winter climate". Military crusades bunched round Ramadan, when the mid year heat had dispersed, and every single battling wa taboo during Rajab, at the stature of summer. The intrusion of Tabak in Rajab AH 9 was hampered by "an excess of sweltering climate" and "dry spell". In AH 1 Muhammad noticed the Jews of Yathrib watching a celebration when he showed up on Monday, 8 Rabi'I. Rabi'I is the third month and in the event that it matched with the third month of the Jewish schedule the celebration would have been the Feast of Weeks, which is seen on the sixth and seventh days of that month.

The Gregorian Calendar

The Gregorian schedule is the present globally acknowledged common schedule and is otherwise called the Western or Christian schedule. 

12 Irregular Months 

The Gregorian Calendar is the most generally utilized schedule on the planet today. It is the schedule utilized in the universal standard for Representation of dates and times: ISO 8601:2004. 

It is a sun based schedule dependent on a 365-day normal year separated into a year of unpredictable lengths. 11 of the months have either 30 or 31 days, while the subsequent month, February, has just 28 days during the normal year. In any case, about like clockwork is a jump year, when one extra – or intercalary – day, is included 29 February, making the jump year in the Gregorian schedule 366 days in length. 

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The times of the year in the Gregorian schedule are isolated into 7-day weeks, and the weeks are numbered 1 to 52 or 53. The worldwide standard is to begin the week on Monday. Be that as it may, a few nations, including the US and Canada, consider Sunday the main day of the week. 

Supplanted Julian Calendar 

The Gregorian schedule's ancestor, the Julian Calendar, was supplanted on the grounds that it was excessively incorrect. It didn't appropriately mirror the genuine time it takes the Earth to circle once around the Sun, known as a tropical year. 

Realigned With the Sun 

The Julian schedule's recipe to ascertain jump years delivered a jump year at regular intervals. This is time after time, and in the end, the Julian schedule was a few days out of sync with the fixed dates for galactic occasions like equinoxes and solstices. 

The presentation of the Gregorian schedule considered the realignment with occasions like the vernal equinox and winter solstice. 

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New Leap Year Formula 

The Gregorian schedule was first received in Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain in 1582, and incorporated the accompanying changes: 

New equation for figuring jump years: 

The year is uniformly separable by 4; 

On the off chance that the year can be equally isolated by 100, it's anything but a jump year, except if; 

The year is likewise equally distinct by 400: Then it is a jump year. 

10 days were dropped in October 1582 

New principles for figuring Easter dates 

Protestant Countries Were Skeptical 

Catholic nations, for example, Spain, Portugal, and Italy, immediately embraced Pope Gregory's schedule changes for their common undertakings. In Europe's Protestant nations, be that as it may, individuals expected that the new schedule was an endeavor by the Catholic Church to quiet their development. It took very nearly 200 years before England and the settlements exchanged over when a demonstration of Parliament presented the new schedule, propelling the date from September 2 to September 14, 1752. 

Benjamin Franklin broadly expounded on the switch in his chronological registry: "...And what a guilty pleasure is here, for the individuals who love their cushion to rests in Peace on the second of this current month and not maybe conscious till the morning of the fourteenth." (Quoted by Cowan, 29; Irwin, 98) 

Standard nations followed the Julian schedule much more, and their national holy places have still not received Pope Gregory XIII's schedule. 

Also See: Orthodox Vs. Catholic Calendar

Proleptic Gregorian Calendar 

In the event that you stretch out the Gregorian schedule in reverse to dates before it was formally presented in 1582, it is known as the proleptic Gregorian calendar.The standard ISO 8601:2004 requires dates before 1582 to be communicated in this organization (proviso 4.3.2.1 The Gregorian schedule) 

Is Any Calendar Perfect? 

The further developed jump year recipe makes the Gregorian schedule unquestionably more exact than the Julian. In any case, it isn't immaculate either. Contrasted with the tropical year, it is off by one day at regular intervals. 

Who Designed the Calendar? 

In spite of the fact that the Gregorian schedule is named after Pope Gregory XIII, it is an adjustment of a schedule structured by Luigi Lilio (otherwise called Aloysius Lilius), who was an Italian specialist, cosmologist, and logician. He was conceived around 1510 and passed on in 1576, six years before his schedule was formally presented.